Hotspot Background

The concrete and steel were recycled and used in various construction projects around the Las Vegas Valley. In the Landmark’s place, a two thousand-space parking lot serviced the Las Vegas Convention Center. Designated the “Gold Lot,” it was completed in April 1996. It has also served as an outdoor exhibition and concert area. In the years that followed, the LVCVA would acquire the properties surrounding the Landmark site, including the Somerset Apartments and the Riviera Hotel, both of these were demolished to make way for future expansion. In September 2018, the LVCVA secured $935.1 million in funding to expand the existing convention center. Completed in June 2021, the new 1.4 million ft2 West Hall occupies the former Landmark site and extends north into the former Riviera site. The new building will include 600,000 ft2 of exhibition space, a food court, meeting rooms of various sizes, and a business center.19 There is also a 14,000 ft2 outdoor terrace, which can accommodate 2,000 attendees, and a grand atrium. The West Hall is North America’s largest column-free space at 328,000 ft2. The new facility features state-of-the-art data and power lines accessed through floor boxes, overhangs, and perimeter walls.

Comparison of the Landmark in 1978 and todays West Hall.

A new $52.5 million underground transportation system was built to connect the latest expansion with the existing facility. Convention Center Loop consists of two one-way tunnels running 8 miles each with three passenger stations. The free trip takes under two minutes in a Tesla electric vehicle traveling 40 miles per hour. Initially, the cars will have a driver, but eventually, the plan is for them to be fully automated and travel at much faster speeds.

Both exterior signs from the porte cochère have been restored. One was purchased by magician Steve Wyrick, an avid neon sign collector, for display in his home in Summerlin in 2006. It is mounted to the wall in his living room. In 2009, The Regional Transportation Commission of Southern Nevada worked with local artists to add artistic enhancements to the new ACE transit shelters at eight locations in the area. The Hilton, Landmark, and the original Convention Center dome were chosen as the shelter theme that occupies the property on which the Landmark once stood. It was designed by Catherine Borg and incorporated the second of the hotel’s porte cochère signs, fully restored and mere feet from where it once was. The photos used for the shelters were taken during location scouting for Diamonds Are Forever (1971). It was completed on July 1, 2010 – precisely forty-one years after the Landmark’s grand opening.

On September 8, 2017, McCarran International Airport in Las Vegas unveiled a forty-foot mosaic representing Las Vegas today and yesterday on the baggage claim floor in Terminal #1. Designed by Randy Heil, the piece is laid out like a giant poker chip divided in half, with several of today’s more iconic hotels represented on one side. The other side has the most recognizable hotels of the past facing the opposite direction, representing the past reflecting the present. The Landmark is displayed prominently on this side.20 A 152-foot mural above the D Gates called “Echoes of Las Vegas” by Adolfo Gonzalez depicts a history of Las Vegas hotels including the Landmark. It was installed in 2018.21

The H-21-B helicopter used to install the Landmark’s “L” sign was retired to a junkyard after its service. In 2020, Scroggins Aviation acquired it and is restoring it for use in the film industry.

Most of those involved in the Landmark’s construction have passed on, but their children’s fond memories and personal photos of the building have allowed their stories to be told. After selling the Landmark to Hughes, Frank Caroll and his wife purchased the lot across the street to the south and built a single-story casino, the DeVille, in 1969, which never opened yet was fully furnished and supplied for operation in an eerily similar fashion to the Landmark under Caroll’s ownership. The Carolls eventually returned to Kansas City after they failed in Las Vegas. Frank Caroll passed away on May 28, 1997 22, outliving the tower he turned from dream to reality.  Howard Hughes died in April 1976, leaving the Landmark in the hands of his business.23

After the Bell & Beckwith scandal, Zula Wolfram moved to Las Vegas permanently and found work in local casinos.24 She divorced Ed in 1985 but reunited after his release in 1993.25 She passed away on March 28, 2001.26 After Zula passed, Ed Wolfram moved back to Toledo, Ohio, at the insistence of friends.27 He passed away in June 2018.

Following the closure of the Landmark, Bill Morris faced continued financial issues. He continued his work supporting UNLV before passing away on July 17, 1998.28

Even if the Landmark had survived its run of bad luck and bankruptcy, it is doubtful it would be around today. The hotel market in Las Vegas has outgrown the older properties, and most are long gone. Landmark’s small size and aging structures would have been difficult to upgrade or expand enough to compete with today’s mega-resorts. I feel the LVCVA missed an opportunity when they decided not to save it. They could have demolished the smaller buildings and used the tower as a convention hall in the sky. Landmark was one of the more unique structures in Las Vegas, and its demolition for a parking lot seems wasteful. But the lights of “Sin City” continue to shine, if not a little less bright.


  1. “Landmark Hotel in court,” Reno Gazette-Journal, August 13, 1990, 9. ↩︎
  2. “Bank buys Landmark Hotel,” Reno Gazette-Journal, December 06, 1990, 36. ↩︎
  3. “Bank buys Landmark Hotel,” 36. ↩︎
  4. “Las Vegas Convention Authority wants to buy closed Landmark,” Reno Gazette-Journal, July 03, 1993, 40. ↩︎
  5. “Convention Authority to buy Landmark,” 40. ↩︎
  6. Norm Clarke, “Hunt Bobo recalls Landmark opening, implosion,” Las Vegas Review-Journal, November 07, 2015. ↩︎
  7. “Demolition put off for closed Landmark,” Reno Gazette-Journal, November 29, 1994, 16. ↩︎
  8. “Asbestos removal to cost $1 million,” Reno Gazette-Journal, February 28, 1995, 17. ↩︎
  9. “Asbestos-removal delays demolition,” Reno Gazette-Journal, August 15, 1995, 27. ↩︎
  10. Rex Buntain, “Landmark Falls,” Las Vegas Sun, November 07, 1995. ↩︎
  11. “Landmark Implosion Live Coverage,” Eyewitness News 8, KLAS, Las Vegas: CBS, November 07, 1995. ↩︎
  12. “Landmark Implosion,” News 3, KSNV, Las Vegas: NBC, November 07, 1995. ↩︎
  13. “Landmark Implosion Live Coverage” ↩︎
  14. Buntain, “Landmark Falls.” ↩︎
  15. Clarke, “Bobo recalls Landmark opening.” ↩︎
  16. “Landmark Implosion Live Coverage” ↩︎
  17. “Landmark Implosion Live Coverage” ↩︎
  18. “Landmark Implosion.” ↩︎
  19. Richard N. Velotta, “Construction of $935.1M Las Vegas Convention Center starting,” Las Vegas Review-Journal, September 11, 2018. ↩︎
  20. Harriet Baskas, “Fresh Art For The Las Vegas Airport,” Stuck At The Airport, September 13, 2016. ↩︎
  21. LASAirport, “Airport Art: “Echoes of Las Vegas” Adolfo Gonzalez,” YouTube Video, 3:30, July 19, 2018. ↩︎
  22. Frank L Caracciolo (1918-1997) Grave Site,” Billion Graves, Accessed April 27, 2018. ↩︎
  23. K.J. Evans, “Howard Hughes,” Las Vegas Review-Journal, February 07, 1999. ↩︎
  24. Wolfram v. Commissioner, 54 T.C.M. 266 (1987). ↩︎
  25. Homer Brickey, “Wolfram on way back to hometown,” The Blade, February 9, 2003. ↩︎
  26. “Obituaries for March 30, 2001,” Las Vegas Sun, March 30, 2001. ↩︎
  27. Brickey, “Wolfram on way back.” ↩︎
  28. “Morris leaves legacy of giving to the community,” Las Vegas Sun, July 20, 1998. ↩︎

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